The State of Biomechanics of the Feet of Young Athletes at the Present Stage
Keywords:
foot, biomechanical properties, disorders, musculoskeletal system, diagnostics, young athletesAbstract
Topicality. The musculoskeletal system of a person is quite complex, but the foot as the supporting structure and part of this system is the first to perceive the shock impulse of the supporting reaction, and the further nature of the interaction with the environment depends on its functionality. Supporting interactions possess all the physical signs of shock interactions: the short duration of the interaction, a significant increase in the force modulus, the creation of «shock» overloads, the deformation or moving effect – from a theoretical point of view can be considered as such. When overloading systems supporting arches, the foot function is violated, the motor stereotype is distorted as a whole, undesirable redistribution of forces and overload occurs in other parts of the musculoskeletal system, as a result of which pathology occurs. To ensure the processes of studying the problems of biodynamics of the musculoskeletal system, in particular the morphofunctional properties of the feet, sports and rehabilitation practice requires modern management tools and technologies. The objective of the study to analyze and systematize scientific and methodological knowledge on the state of foot biomechanics of young athletes. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature. Three main functions of the normal foot are distinguished: the ability to elastic flattening under the action of the load (spring function), the main role in the regulation of postural activity (balancing function) and the provision of acceleration of the general center of body mass during locomotion (shocks function). Among the deviations of the musculoskeletal system, flatfoot has one of the leading places, including in sports, since most of its types are associated with movement. Summarizing the data of numerous studies, we can conclude that the issues of improving the training process for young athletes attract the closest attention of teachers, doctors, psychologists, parents, since in childhood and youth the basic fund of motor skills is laid.
Prospects for further research will be associated with the development of a program of physical rehabilitation of young athletes with impaired biomechanical properties of the foot.
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